Die Anleitung zu Android External Storage

Android External Storage
Beispiel für Lesen und Schreiben von Dateien im externen Speicher
Anhang: Die Interface entwerfen

1. Android External Storage

Android External Storage: ein Ort zum Speichern von Zusatzdaten von Android, die Dateien, die Sie hier speichern, wird nicht auf das Sicherheitssystem angewendet

Normalerweise gibt es 2 externe Speicherungen (external storage).

fetter externer Speicher: oft als Festplatter des Gerät verstanden.
Abnehmbarer Speicher (Removeable Storage): z.B SD Card.

Verwenden Sie die statische Methode der Environment-Klasse, mit der Sie die Informationen im Verzeichnis des externen Speichers abrufen können.

Hier ist die Ergebnistabelle, wenn sie auf dem Emulator ausgeführt wird:

Method	Returns
getDataDirectory()	/data
getDownloadCacheDirectory()	/cache
getExternalStorageState()	mounted
getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.Music):	/storage/emulated/0/Music
getDownloadCacheDirectory()	/cache
getRootDirectory()	/system

Zum Lesen/Schreiben der Daten auf dem externen Speicher müssen Sie AndroidManifest.xml konfigurieren, hinzugefügt:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

Mit Android Level> = 23 zum Lesen und Schreiben von Daten auf dem externen Speichergerät müssen Sie den Benutzer mithilfe von Code fragen. (Siehe im Beispiel).

Android API Level < 29

Mit Android API Level < 29 können Apps ihre Daten auf externem Speicher speichern, insbesondere im Ordner unten (oder Unterordner).

if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 29) {

     // ==>  /storage/emulated/0    (Emulator)
     File dir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();

}

Die oben erwähnte Speichermethode kann Konflikte zwischen verschiedenen Anwendungen verursachen, da alle diese Anwendungen ihre Daten im selben Verzeichnis (oder Unterordnern) speichern können, und wenn Sie eine Anwendung deinstallieren, sind die von ihr erstellten Daten weiterhin auf dem externen Speicher vorhanden.

Android API Level 29+

Mit Android API 29+ speichert jede Anwendung ihre erstellten Daten in einem anderen Ordner auf dem externen Speicher. Wenn Benutzer deinstallieren Anwendung alle Daten von ihm erstellt wird auch gelöscht werden.

if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {

     // ==> /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/org.o7planning.externalstoragedemo/files
     File dir = this.getExternalFilesDir(null);

}

Verwenden des Android Device File Explorer

Diese Klasse kann für Sie nützlich sein, wenn Sie mit externem Speicher arbeiten:

ExternalStorageUtils

package org.o7planning.externalstoragedemo.utils;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.StatFs;

import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;

import java.io.File;

public class ExternalStorageUtils {

    // Check whether the external storage is mounted or not.
    public static boolean isExternalStorageMounted() {

        String dirState = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
        if(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(dirState))
        {
            return true;
        }else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Check whether the external storage is read only or not.
    public static boolean isExternalStorageReadOnly() {

        String dirState = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
        if(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(dirState))
        {
            return true;
        }else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }


    // Get private external storage base directory.
    public static String getPrivateExternalStorageBaseDir(Context context, String dirType)
    {
        String ret = "";
        if(isExternalStorageMounted()) {
            File file = context.getExternalFilesDir(dirType);
            ret = file.getAbsolutePath();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    // Get private cache external storage base directory.
    public static String getPrivateCacheExternalStorageBaseDir(Context context)
    {
        String ret = "";
        if(isExternalStorageMounted()) {
            File file = context.getExternalCacheDir();
            ret = file.getAbsolutePath();
        }
        return ret;
    }


    // Get public external storage base directory.
    public static String getPublicExternalStorageBaseDir()
    {
        String ret = "";
        if(isExternalStorageMounted()) {
            File file = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
            ret = file.getAbsolutePath();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    // Get public external storage base directory.
    public static String getPublicExternalStorageBaseDir(String dirType)
    {
        String ret = "";
        if(isExternalStorageMounted()) {
            File file = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(dirType);
            ret = file.getAbsolutePath();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    // Get external storage disk space, return MB
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
    public static long getExternalStorageSpace() {
        long ret = 0;
        if (isExternalStorageMounted()) {
            StatFs fileState = new StatFs(getPublicExternalStorageBaseDir());

            // Get total block count.
            long count = fileState.getBlockCountLong();

            // Get each block size.
            long size = fileState.getBlockSizeLong();

            // Calculate total space size
            ret = count * size / 1024 / 1024;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    // Get external storage left free disk space, return MB
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
    public static long getExternalStorageLeftSpace() {
        long ret = 0;
        if (isExternalStorageMounted()) {
            StatFs fileState = new StatFs(getPublicExternalStorageBaseDir());

            // Get free block count.
            long count = fileState.getFreeBlocksLong();

            // Get each block size.
            long size = fileState.getBlockSizeLong();

            // Calculate free space size
            ret = count * size / 1024 / 1024;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    // Get external storage available disk space, return MB
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
    public static long getExternalStorageAvailableSpace() {
        long ret = 0;
        if (isExternalStorageMounted()) {
            StatFs fileState = new StatFs(getPublicExternalStorageBaseDir());

            // Get available block count.
            long count = fileState.getAvailableBlocksLong();

            // Get each block size.
            long size = fileState.getBlockSizeLong();

            // Calculate available space size
            ret = count * size / 1024 / 1024;
        }
        return ret;
    }
}

2. Beispiel für Lesen und Schreiben von Dateien im externen Speicher

Create a project named ExternalStorageDemo.

File > New > New Project > Empty Activity
- Name: ExternalStorageDemo
- Package name: org.o7planning.externalstoragedemo
- Language: Java

AndroidManifest.xml configuration allows read and write data on the external storage memory.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

Full content of AndroidManifest.xml:

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="org.o7planning.externalstoragedemo">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

The application interface:

Wenn Sie an den Schritten für Interfaceentwurf dieser Anwendung interessiert sind, lesen Sie bitte den Anhang am Ende des Artikels.

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="19dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:ems="10"
        android:inputType="textPersonName"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/linearLayout"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/editText">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_save"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0"
            android:text="Save" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_read"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0"
            android:text="Read" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_list"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0"
            android:text="List Dirs" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/linearLayout" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.java

package org.o7planning.externalstoragedemo;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private EditText editText;
    private TextView textView;
    private Button saveButton;
    private Button readButton;
    private Button listButton;

    private static final String LOG_TAG = "ExternalStorageDemo";


    private static final int REQUEST_ID_READ_PERMISSION = 100;
    private static final int REQUEST_ID_WRITE_PERMISSION = 200;

    private final String fileName = "note.txt";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
        textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);

        saveButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_save);
        readButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_read);
        listButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_list);

        saveButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                askPermissionAndWriteFile();
            }

        });

        readButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                askPermissionAndReadFile();
            }

        });

        listButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                listExternalStorages();
            }

        });
    }

    private void askPermissionAndWriteFile() {
        boolean canWrite = this.askPermission(REQUEST_ID_WRITE_PERMISSION,
                Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        if(!canWrite)  {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                    "You do not allow this app to write files.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            return;
        }
        //
         this.writeFile();
    }

    private void askPermissionAndReadFile() {
        boolean canRead = this.askPermission(REQUEST_ID_READ_PERMISSION,
                Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        //
        if (!canRead) {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
                    "You do not allow this app to read files.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            return;
        }
        //
        this.readFile();
    }

    // With Android Level >= 23, you have to ask the user
    // for permission with device (For example read/write data on the device).
    private boolean askPermission(int requestId, String permissionName) {


        Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Ask for Permission: " + permissionName);
        Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Build.VERSION.SDK_INT: " + android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT);

        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {

            // Check if we have permission
            int permission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permissionName);

            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "permission: " + permission);
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED: " + PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED);

            if (permission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // If don't have permission so prompt the user.
                this.requestPermissions(
                        new String[]{permissionName},
                        requestId
                );
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }


    // As soon as the user decides, allows or doesn't allow.
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                           String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {

        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        //
        // Note: If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
        if (grantResults.length > 0) {
            switch (requestCode) {
                case REQUEST_ID_READ_PERMISSION: {
                    if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                        readFile();
                    }
                }
                case REQUEST_ID_WRITE_PERMISSION: {
                    if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                        writeFile();
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Permission Cancelled!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    // IMPORTANT!!
    public File getAppExternalFilesDir()  {
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
            // /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/org.o7planning.externalstoragedemo/files
            return this.getExternalFilesDir(null);
        } else {
            // @Deprecated in API 29.
            // /storage/emulated/0
            return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
        }
    }


    private void writeFile() {
        try {
            File extStore = this.getAppExternalFilesDir( );

            boolean canWrite = extStore.canWrite();
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Can write: " + extStore.getAbsolutePath()+" : " + canWrite);

            // ==> /storage/emulated/0/note.txt  (API < 29)
            // ==> /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/org.o7planning.externalstoragedemo/files/note.txt (API >=29)
            String path = extStore.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + fileName;
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Save to: " + path);

            String data = editText.getText().toString();
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Data: " + data);


            File myFile = new File(path);
            FileOutputStream fOut = new FileOutputStream(myFile);
            fOut.write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            fOut.close();

            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), fileName + " saved", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Write Error:" + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Write Error: " + e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void readFile() {

        File extStore = this.getAppExternalFilesDir();

        // ==> /storage/emulated/0/note.txt  (API < 29)
        // ==> /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/org.o7planning.externalstoragedemo/note.txt (API >=29)
        String path = extStore.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + fileName;
        Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Read file: " + path);

        String s = "";
        String fileContent = "";
        try {
            File myFile = new File(path);
            FileInputStream fIn = new FileInputStream(myFile);
            BufferedReader myReader = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(fIn));

            while ((s = myReader.readLine()) != null) {
                fileContent += s + "\n";
            }
            myReader.close();

            this.textView.setText(fileContent);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Read Error:" + e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Read Error: " + e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), fileContent, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }

    private void listExternalStorages() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        sb.append("Data Directory: ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.getDataDirectory().toString()).append("\n");

        sb.append("Download Cache Directory: ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory().toString()).append("\n");

        sb.append("External Storage State: ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.getExternalStorageState().toString()).append("\n");

        sb.append("External Storage Directory: ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString()).append("\n");

        sb.append("Is External Storage Emulated?: ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.isExternalStorageEmulated()).append("\n");

        sb.append("Is External Storage Removable?: ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.isExternalStorageRemovable()).append("\n");

        sb.append("External Storage Public Directory (Music): ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC).toString()).append("\n");

        sb.append("Download Cache Directory: ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory().toString()).append("\n");

        sb.append("Root Directory: ").append("\n - ")
                .append(Environment.getRootDirectory().toString()).append("\n");

        Log.i(LOG_TAG, sb.toString());
        this.textView.setText(sb.toString());
    }

}