Die Anleitung zu Android MediaPlayer

MediaPlayer
Zum Beispiel: die Musik durch MediaPlayer spielen
Anhang: Die Interface entwerfen.

1. MediaPlayer

Android bietet eine Elemente um die Musik zu spielen. Das ist MediaPlayer. MediaPlayer kann die File audio und video spielen. Und die File Quelle können in Ihrem Gerät oder aus einem URL liegen.

Wie die anderen Software zum Musik-Spielen, die Sie gekannt haben, bietet MediaPlayer die Methode zur Steuerung des Playback der audio/video (control playback of audio/video) einschließend starten, stoppen, pausen, vorspulen, zurückspulen..

Sie können auf MediaPlayer aus einer Dienstleistung aufrufen.

MediaPlayer ist ein Teil ohne die Interface, damit Sie eine Musik File einfache spielen können. Allerdings sollen Sie es mit SuffaceView zur Bildanzeige verbinden wenn Sie eine Video-File spielen möchten

2. Zum Beispiel: die Musik durch MediaPlayer spielen

Das folgende Beispiel: MediaPlayer benutzen um eine Musik-FIle zu spielen und einige Button zur Kontrolle des Musik-Spielen wie starten, pausen, vorspulen oder zurückspulen

Erstellen Sie ein Projekt mit dem Name von MediaPlayerTutorial:

File > New > New Project > Empty Activity
- Name: MediaPlayerTutorial
- Package name: org.o7planning.mediaplayertutorial
- Language: Java

Erstellen Sie einen Ordner raw zur Enthaltung der Musik-File

Bereiten Sie eine File der Musik vor. Und dann kopieren und kleben Sie in dem Ordner raw.

https://file-examples.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/file_example_MP3_700KB.mp3

If you want to play a song from a URL you must allow the application to access the network, adding the following XML code to AndroidManifest.xml.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

Erlauben Sie, dass die Anwendung auf die externe Speicherung (external storage) zugreifen kann (wie SD Card) wenn Sie hier die Lieder spielen möchten.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="org.o7planning.mediaplayertutorial">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

Die Interface erstellen

Wenn Sie für die Schritte zur Interface-Design dieser Anwendung interessieren, lesen Sie bitte den Anhang am Ende des Artikel.

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <SeekBar
        android:id="@+id/seekBar"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="37dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="25dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView_maxTime"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="24dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="39dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="Max Time"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/seekBar" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView_currentPosition"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="25dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="38dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="Current Possion"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView_maxTime" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/linearLayout"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="24dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView_currentPosition">

        <Space
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_rewind"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0"
            android:text="&lt;&lt;" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_start"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0"
            android:text="Start" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_pause"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0"
            android:text="Pause" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_fastForward"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0"
            android:text="&gt;&gt;" />

        <Space
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_select"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="51dp"
        android:text="Select a Song"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/linearLayout" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.java

package org.o7planning.mediaplayertutorial;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView textMaxTime;
    private TextView textCurrentPosition;
    private Button buttonPause;
    private Button buttonStart;
    private Button buttonRewind;
    private Button buttonFastForward;

    private Button buttonSelect;

    private SeekBar seekBar;
    private Handler threadHandler = new Handler();
    private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        this.textCurrentPosition = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.textView_currentPosition);
        this.textMaxTime=(TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.textView_maxTime);

        this.buttonSelect = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_select);

        this.buttonStart= (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_start);
        this.buttonPause= (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_pause);
        this.buttonRewind= (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_rewind);
        this.buttonFastForward= (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_fastForward);

        this.buttonStart.setEnabled(false);
        this.buttonPause.setEnabled(false);
        this.buttonRewind.setEnabled(false);
        this.buttonFastForward.setEnabled(false);


        this.seekBar= (SeekBar) this.findViewById(R.id.seekBar);
        this.seekBar.setClickable(false);

        this.buttonSelect.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // Select new media source.
                selectMediaResource();
            }
        });

        this.buttonStart.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                doStart( );
            }
        });
        this.buttonPause.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                doPause( );
            }
        });
        this.buttonRewind.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                doRewind( );
            }
        });
        this.buttonFastForward .setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                doFastForward( );
            }
        });

        // Create MediaPlayer.
        this.mediaPlayer=  new MediaPlayer();
        this.mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);

        this.mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) {
                doStop(); // Stop current media.
            }
        });
        this.mediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() {
             @Override
             public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {
                 doComplete();
             }
         });
    }

    // When user click "Select Media Source" button.
    private void selectMediaResource()  {
        // this.selectRawMediaSource();
        // this.selectURLMediaSource();
        // this.selectLocalMediaSource();
        this.selectRawMediaSource();
    }

    private void selectRawMediaSource() {
        // "mysong.mp3" ==> resName = "mysong".
        String resName = MediaPlayerUtils.RAW_MEDIA_SAMPLE;
        MediaPlayerUtils.playRawMedia(this, this.mediaPlayer, resName);
    }

    private void selectURLMediaSource()  {
        // http://example.coom/mysong.mp3
        String mediaURL = MediaPlayerUtils.URL_MEDIA_SAMPLE;
        MediaPlayerUtils.playURLMedia(this, this.mediaPlayer, mediaURL);
    }

    private void selectLocalMediaSource()  {
        // @localPath = "/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Music/mysong.mp3"; (For example).
        String localPath = MediaPlayerUtils.LOCAL_MEDIA_SAMPLE;
        MediaPlayerUtils.playLocalMedia(this, this.mediaPlayer, localPath);
    }

    // Convert millisecond to string.
    private String millisecondsToString(int milliseconds)  {
        long minutes = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes((long) milliseconds);
        long seconds =  TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds((long) milliseconds) ;
        return minutes + ":"+ seconds;
    }


    private void doStart( )  {
        if(this.mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
            return;
        }
        // The duration in milliseconds
        int duration = this.mediaPlayer.getDuration();

        int currentPosition = this.mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
        if(currentPosition== 0)  {
            this.seekBar.setMax(duration);
            String maxTimeString = this.millisecondsToString(duration);
            this.textMaxTime.setText(maxTimeString);
        } else if(currentPosition== duration)  {
            // Resets the MediaPlayer to its uninitialized state.
            this.mediaPlayer.reset();
        }
        this.mediaPlayer.start();
        // Create a thread to update position of SeekBar.
        UpdateSeekBarThread updateSeekBarThread= new UpdateSeekBarThread();
        threadHandler.postDelayed(updateSeekBarThread,50);

        this.buttonPause.setEnabled(true);
        this.buttonStart.setEnabled(false);
        this.buttonRewind.setEnabled(true);
        this.buttonFastForward.setEnabled(true);
    }

    // Called by MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener
    // When Player cocmplete
    private void doComplete()  {
        buttonStart.setEnabled(true);
        buttonPause.setEnabled(false);
        buttonRewind.setEnabled(true);
        buttonFastForward.setEnabled(false);
    }

    // Called by MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener.
    // When user select a new media source, then stop current.
    private void doStop()  {
        if(this.mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
            this.mediaPlayer.stop();
        }
        buttonStart.setEnabled(true);
        buttonPause.setEnabled(false);
        buttonRewind.setEnabled(false);
        buttonFastForward.setEnabled(false);
    }

    // When user click to "Pause".
    private void doPause( )  {
        this.mediaPlayer.pause();
        this.buttonPause.setEnabled(false);
        this.buttonStart.setEnabled(true);
    }

    // When user click to "Rewind".
    private void doRewind( )  {
        int currentPosition = this.mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
        int duration = this.mediaPlayer.getDuration();
        // 5 seconds.
        int SUBTRACT_TIME = 5000;

        if(currentPosition - SUBTRACT_TIME > 0 )  {
            this.mediaPlayer.seekTo(currentPosition - SUBTRACT_TIME);
        }
        this.buttonFastForward.setEnabled(true);
    }

    // When user click to "Fast-Forward".
    private void doFastForward( )  {
        int currentPosition = this.mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
        int duration = this.mediaPlayer.getDuration();
        // 5 seconds.
        int ADD_TIME = 5000;

        if(currentPosition + ADD_TIME < duration)  {
            this.mediaPlayer.seekTo(currentPosition + ADD_TIME);
        }
    }


    // Thread to Update position for SeekBar.
    class UpdateSeekBarThread implements Runnable {

        public void run()  {
            int currentPosition = mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
            String currentPositionStr = millisecondsToString(currentPosition);
            textCurrentPosition.setText(currentPositionStr);

            seekBar.setProgress(currentPosition);
            // Delay thread 50 milisecond.
            threadHandler.postDelayed(this, 50);
        }
    }
}

MediaPlayerUtils.java

package org.o7planning.mediaplayertutorial;


import android.content.Context;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MediaPlayerUtils {

    // "mysong.mp3" in directory "raw".
    public static final String RAW_MEDIA_SAMPLE = "mysong";

    // Example Path: /sdcard/Music/mysong.mp3
    // Example Path: /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Music/mysong.mp3
    public static final String LOCAL_MEDIA_SAMPLE ="/sdcard/Music/mysong.mp3";
    public static final String URL_MEDIA_SAMPLE  = "https://ex1.o7planning.com/_testdatas_/yodel.mp3";

    public static final String LOG_TAG= "MediaPlayerTutorial";

    // Play a media in directory RAW.
    // Media name = "mysong.mp3" ==> resName = "mysong".
    public static void playRawMedia(Context context, MediaPlayer mediaPlayer, String resName)  {
        try {
            // ID of video file.
            int id = MediaPlayerUtils.getRawResIdByName( context,resName);

            Uri uri = Uri.parse("android.resource://" + context.getPackageName() + "/" + id);
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Media URI: "+ uri);
            Toast.makeText(context,"Select source: "+ uri,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            mediaPlayer.setDataSource(context, uri);
            mediaPlayer.prepareAsync();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error Play Raw Media: "+e.getMessage());
            Toast.makeText(context,"Error Play Raw Media: "+ e.getMessage(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // Example Path: /sdcard/Music/mysong.mp3
    // Example Path: /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Music/mysong.mp3
    public static void playLocalMedia(Context context, MediaPlayer mediaPlayer, String localPath)  {
        try {
            Uri uri = Uri.parse("android.resource://" + localPath);
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Media URI: "+ uri);
            Toast.makeText(context,"Select source: "+ uri,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            mediaPlayer.setDataSource(context, uri);
            mediaPlayer.prepareAsync();
        } catch(Exception e) {
            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error Play Local Media: "+ e.getMessage());
            Toast.makeText(context,"Error Play Local Media: "+ e.getMessage(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // String videoURL = "https://ex1.o7planning.com/_testdatas_/yodel.mp3";
    public static void playURLMedia(Context context, MediaPlayer mediaPlayer, String videoURL)  {
        try {
            Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Media URL: "+ videoURL);

            Uri uri= Uri.parse( videoURL );
            Toast.makeText(context,"Select source: "+ uri,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            mediaPlayer.setDataSource(context, uri);
            mediaPlayer.prepareAsync();

        } catch(Exception e) {
            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error Play URL Media: "+ e.getMessage());
            Toast.makeText(context,"Error Play URL Media: "+ e.getMessage(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // Find ID corresponding to the name of the resource (in the directory RAW).
    public static int getRawResIdByName(Context context, String resName) {
        String pkgName = context.getPackageName();
        // Return 0 if not found.
        int resID = context.getResources().getIdentifier(resName, "raw", pkgName);

        Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Res Name: " + resName + "==> Res ID = " + resID);
        return resID;
    }
}

3. Anhang: Die Interface entwerfen.

Legen Sie ID, Text für die Element in die Interface fest:

Anleitungen Android

Anleitungen Flutter

Die Anleitung zu Android MediaPlayer

1. MediaPlayer

2. Zum Beispiel: die Musik durch MediaPlayer spielen

3. Anhang: Die Interface entwerfen.

Anleitungen Android

Anleitungen Android

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